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Kids Today

Jul/Aug 2006 cover Every day, my daughter walked her bright 6-year-old to and from school. He knew the way and didn’t need to cross any busy streets, so I asked why he couldn’t walk by himself. “It isn’t done,” she replied.

This was in England, and the same practice exists in the United States. In fact, I understand that at some schools children under the age of 8 or 9 are not allowed to walk to and from school by themselves. At the same time, there’s more childhood obesity and more heavy traffic around schools, and more demands for increased busing!

This is just one example of how today’s children are overprotected and overprogrammed (“Growing Concerns,” July/August). I fear they’ll never develop the necessary tools and common sense it takes to navigate independently through life. Let’s let kids be responsible for themselves as soon as they’re able. And let them deal with the consequences of their own decisions. A parent’s job is to stand in the background and let the kids try their wings and sometimes get hurt, stepping in only when there’s real danger that the kids will be injured.

Jill Knuth
Stanford, California

School Reform

The article “Put to the Test” (July/August) presented two divergent ways to look at public school reform and the No Child Left Behind Act. All of us who care about kids—parents, educators, board and community members—have embraced the goal of NCLB: to close the gaps in student achievement among different racial and socioeconomic groups of students. NCLB sets strict accountability standards to close these gaps. But if we really want to effect change, a comprehensive set of reforms that go beyond this narrow focus needs to be implemented.

This requires the nation and each state to offer a comprehensive set of programs that build the capacity of our schools to meet the high expectations we hold for all students.

First, every needy 3- and 4-year-old should attend a high-quality preschool program. Research has shown unequivocally that the knowledge and skills children acquire from high-quality preschool are essential to their success. Without them, disadvantaged children start kindergarten behind their more advantaged counterparts and have great difficulty catching up.

Second, the literacy needs of the parents of the youngsters whose achievement we are trying to raise also must be addressed. A child whose parents cannot read will have more difficulty learning to read.

Third, we must meet the physical—and mental—health needs of our neediest youngsters and their parents. A child who cannot see clearly because his vision has not been corrected will be unable to read. A youngster who has been subjected to an emotionally abusive home will have great difficulty concentrating on school tasks.

Fourth, we must offer a longer school day and year to our neediest children. Summer and after-school programs are more efficient and effective as part of the regular program, not as add-ons available through the whims of funding cycles. More time on task without the disruptions involved in closing and opening school programs will result in better learning.

Fifth, our neediest schools must use the finest, technology-rich, research-based curriculum, and continually teach their educators to make the best use of it. Such curriculum employs embedded formative assessments, which, as research shows, produce increased achievement for all students, particularly our lowest-achieving youngsters. We need to measure our students’ performance often enough to know that these programs are effective, but not so often as to take away from the instructional time and supports we know our students need.

Connecticut asked permission from the federal Department of Education to continue our rigorous summative testing program in grades 4, 6, 8 and 10 and to add a standardized formative testing program in grades 3, 5 and 7. In this manner, we would continue using multiple testing formats—multiple choice items, grid-in items and open-ended items—in both the summative tests and in the newly created formative tests.

Unfortunately, the federal Department of Education refused to allow this augmentation and, instead, suggested that Connecticut dumb down its tests, either by dropping our multiple formats and using only multiple choice, or by eliminating our third core academic area—writing.

Do we want a national policy that causes states to make less rigorous the tests they already use in homage to some false “principle”: annual standardized testing?

Do we want a national policy that forces energy, time and resources to be spent primarily on an antiquated system of accountability measures?

Don’t we instead want a national policy that promotes and supports energy, time and resources to programs and services that we know, through common sense and research, will improve student achievement?

The answers are obvious.

Betty J. Sternberg, PhD ’78
Superintendent of Schools
Greenwich, Connecticut
Betty J. Sternberg served as Connecticut’s commissioner of education from 2003 to 2006

As an educator, I feel Terry Moe’s comments with regard to poor and misdirected incentives are accurate. [He] discussed the incentives to existing teachers, but wouldn’t [he] also agree that incentives to encourage new talent into teaching are needed as well? It continues to amaze me how teaching is every bit as professional a vocation as business, law and medicine, but earning a superior standard of living is impossible for schoolteachers. For example, I am a private math tutor, but I could never live in my community if I taught at the elementary school one mile from my house. The only teachers who live in the community are those with a spouse earning a high income. What a sad state of affairs.

Rod Turner, ’85
Newport Coast, California

As an educator, I was eager to read the July/August issue. Imagine my chagrin upon reading Gerald W. Bracey’s article to come upon a snide and inaccurate reference to my husband, Thomas L. Friedman, the author of The World Is Flat. In order to make his central point—that people are misusing statistics in order to slight our education system, which Bracey believes is fundamentally healthy—he charges that “Friedman relies on Munteanu’s memory and doesn’t check the facts. He doesn’t need to. We all know American schools are lousy.” Actually, I am afraid it is Bracey who hasn’t checked the facts, and as a former magazine copy chief, I am also dismayed that STANFORD must not employ a copy editor to carefully check facts, because if you check my husband’s book, on page 336 you will easily find that the story about Andrei Munteanu, a Romanian immigrant who found American schools a breeze, comes from a lengthy article about American education that appeared in the respected publication Education Week (July 28, 2004). Tom has never met Mr. Munteanu. He was simply quoting Education Week.

Ann Bucksbaum Friedman, ’75
Bethesda, Maryland

Like Andrei Munteanu, I came to the United States from Romania during middle school. On my first day in an American math class, we were given a seventh-
grade assessment test. It consisted of about 40 multiple-choice questions. By the end of the hour, I had managed to finish only about 15. My math class fell right before lunch but I ended up skipping lunch that day. Instead, I hid in the stairwell and cried.

It was only the next day that I became aware that proofs were not required on a multiple-choice exam. I had wasted the exam hour by writing down my reasoning step by step for each multiple-choice question. But it was not long before my teachers realized that the eighth-grade material was not adequate for my level of preparation. After moving me from introductory algebra to algebra to advanced algebra, they decided to send me (together with one other gifted American student) to the local high school for the first hour of the day, in order to take algebra and trigonometry at the sophomore level.

This public high school in a middle-class suburb of Grand Rapids, Mich., now offers multiple AP classes and manages to send a handful of its graduates each year to elite universities across the country. In Romania, I had also attended public schools, in the industrial city of Galatz.

Given my personal experience and this level playing field for comparison, I found it very surprising to read that Romania would rank lower than the United States in the assessment known as TIMSS. To elucidate this paradox, I looked up some sample questions on the TIMSS. In fact, I would encourage Gerald Bracey to do the same, perhaps only after he first picks up a Romanian math textbook for eighth grade. To
be more precise, he should pick up the geometry manual, for Romanian curriculum has already separated algebra from geometry by sixth grade.

To no surprise, I found that the TIMSS does not test any of the proof aspects of geometry. How can a serious study like the TIMSS fail to account for the fact that geometry (like all higher-level mathematics) is primarily a proof-driven subject and that it is taught as such in middle schools across Europe, including Romania?

I am skeptical that studies like the TIMSS do much to compare mathematical preparation across countries. Rather, I suspect that they end up assessing how well foreign students do on exams designed based on how the curriculum is taught in the United States. In particular, they probably measure more of the ability to take multiple-choice tests than the ability to deduce geometric results. My final exam for geometry in seventh grade consisted of only three questions, each one of them requiring a long and complex proof. I wonder how the United States would compare to Romania on such a test.

Cezar Petriuc, ’02, MS ’03
Belmont, California

Terry Moe says “the key to effective performance lies in getting the incentives right, and thus in motivating employees to. . . .” Do we really care about motivating schools and teachers? We care about student achievement. What would be the effect of using some small or large part of our education dollars to directly reward students when they demonstrate achievement? Would money help motivate underachieving students from low-income families? Has this experiment been done?

Bruce Anderson, MS ’87
Palo Alto, California

Terry Moe’s article was a rehash of the tired and thoroughly discredited conservative attack on public schools. His solution to poor public school performance? Accountability by testing academic performance and incentives by giving students vouchers permitting them to leave the public schools for private ones. We now test academic performance exhaustively, and the result has been to direct resources away from art programs, music programs, elective courses and extracurricular activities into “teaching the tests” and other strategies sure to stifle creativity and critical thinking. Giving students the resources to abandon the public schools would mean that the public schools would be left with only those
who don’t care enough to flee or who have special needs that won’t be met by the private schools. Does Moe really believe that it will be any easier to fire a mediocre teacher if the school’s student population decreases?

I’ve been heavily involved in school reform studies and efforts in our local school district and I’m convinced that the problem is really very simple: lack of money. Given what we pay our teachers, it’s amazing that there any good ones, and certainly no surprise that there are many mediocre ones. I’m quite confident that the teachers union could be bribed by higher salaries to compromise on rules that make it difficult to fire mediocre teachers, as I’m confident that the need for such firings would decrease if teaching paid better. Similarly, more money could mean more teacher training in new technologies and techniques, more use of modern technology in the classrooms, more guidance counselors, more enrichment programs, more extracurricular programs, restoration of school librarians and school nurses, and improvements in the physical plants and maintenance of the schools. All of that would improve student performance and reduce dropout rates.

My children have attended both private and public schools. There are three major differences: (1) The tuition at the private school was $15,000, more than twice the per-student budget of the public schools; (2) All of the students at the private schools choose to be there, meaning at least a modicum of motivation and substantial parental involvement in their education; and (3) The private schools have no mandate to deal with English language learners, disabled students and misbehavior. The private schools, therefore, have more money to serve a population that is self-selected for academic success and costs less to serve.

I know we’re afraid to admit that money is the heart of the problem, because we’re afraid to be accused of being “tax-and-spend liberals,” but the fact is that you get what you pay for, and we just don’t pay enough for what we want to get out of our public schools.

Joshua Genser, ’80, MA ’80
Point Richmond, California

Terry Moe writes, “Compared to students in other developed (OECD) countries, American students score well above average in the early grades, but they lose ground by the middle grades, and by high school are near the bottom of the rankings.” This is not true. The comparisons that Moe cites did not come from OECD nations and the report of the final year of secondary school produced some apples-to-aardvarks results that no one should take seriously. Only those with an ideologically driven disdain for public schools do so. For one thing, the study attempted to test American high school seniors in May!

The most recent OECD study from 2003 finds American high school students below average in math, attaining a 483 compared to the 29-country OECD average of 500. In international studies, American students invariably show worst in math. In reading, the U.S. average was slightly below average at 491 compared to OECD’s average, 500. In science, the U.S. average was slightly below average at 491 compared to OECD’s average, 500. The scale in the OECD study is identical to that of the SAT.

Moe claims the putative failures occur because “teacher pay is based on a salary schedule that has nothing to do with how much their students actually learn.” But this is true of the high-scoring OECD countries as well. The only nation paying teachers based on student performance is Chile. Top-scoring Finland has no performance-based rewards.

Some countries do, but they are not the kind of incentives Moe would like to see. For example, French teachers are supposed to be evaluated by the principal and an outside inspector, but in reality, the inspector’s evaluations are rare and the bonuses depend on making a good impression only with the principal, not on the performance of her étudiants. Other nations use evaluations from on high as well.
If basing teacher pay on student performance is such a good idea, how come nobody does it?

Gerald W. Bracey, PhD ’67
Alexandria, Virginia

Terry Moe replies:
Gerald Bracey and I were asked to write 1,500-word essays, framed as a debate in which we would briefly set out our opposing views. I knew, of course, that I would disagree with Bracey’s essay, so it never occurred to me that I ought to write a letter to the editor about it. Bracey has not been able to restrain himself, though, and is making a federal case out of mine, claiming that I have committed egregious errors. In order to set the record straight, I will respond to the two issues he raises.

The first deals with a basic theme of my essay: that America’s public schools would perform more effectively if teachers had stronger incentives to promote student learning. Bracey says this can’t be right, because there are OECD countries that outperform us, and yet they seem to have weak teacher incentives, too. But his argument is illogical. There are many factors that influence educational performance, and thus many reasons why some nations might outperform us even if they do have the same, weak teacher incentives. The point I make in the essay is simply that the American school system would do better if teacher incentives could be strengthened. The same is true of Finland and other OECD countries: stronger teacher incentives would help them, too. And why, if this is the case, don’t these countries do something about it—say, by linking (some portion of) pay to performance? The answer is that teacher and other public employee unions are politically powerful, and they prevent it: which is the second theme of my essay.

Bracey’s other criticism is that I make a false statement about how the United States compares to the OECD countries on student achievement. The claim he’s chosen to focus on here is a minor part of my essay. It is just a point he happens to disagree with and wants to talk about.

The offending statement is a generalization based on eight years of studies, from 1995 to 2003 (there are none more recent). The studies are, if you’ll excuse
the acronyms: TIMSS (1995, 1999, 2003), PISA (2000, 2003), and PIRLS (2001). The PISA studies are conducted by the OECD. But the fact is, all of the studies I’ve listed include both OECD and non-OECD countries. And because it makes the most sense to compare the United States to the OECD countries (which tend to be the world’s more developed nations) rather than to nations like Bulgaria, Cyprus or Jordan, all these studies can readily be used to make the comparison. My statement is an attempt to convey what these studies, taken as a whole, tend to show: which is that U.S. fourth graders do pretty well, eighth graders do worse, and high school seniors do worse still. This is a reasonable rendering of the full set of results.

Bracey spends an entire paragraph laying out the scale scores from the 2003 PISA study, but why he does so is a mystery. It is solely a study of 15-year-olds; it says nothing in itself about differences across age groups; and it is not unique in studying OECD countries. His point seems to be that American high schoolers are rather average and not doing as poorly as I claim. But these are 15-year-olds, not high school seniors, who would almost surely have done worse on the exams. Moreover, the scale scores he presents are fairly meaningless in themselves, and do not tell you what the national rankings really were. In math, for example, Bracey notes that our 15-year-olds scored a 483 compared to the OECD average of 500—but the fact is, the U.S. was beaten on the math test by 22 of the 27 other OECD countries tested.

What is Bracey doing, anyway, arguing that U.S. high school students are actually average compared to students elsewhere? The theme of his own essay is that our public schools are doing well, and Americans and reformers should stop their complaining. But if the best the schools can do is to produce students who are average by international standards, then our education system is clearly not doing well—and people have something to complain about.

Terry Moe
Chair, Political Science
Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution
Stanford, California

Teen Health

I want to thank STANFORD for the article highlighting the Teen Van program (“Health on Wheels,” July/August). I would like to add two points. First, the program is part of a national network of health care programs that target underserved youth, through the Children’s Health Fund. Not only is the Teen Van program a leader in mobile health care for adolescents in our local communities, but being part of the national network allows us to develop and share best practices nationwide in the care of vulnerable and marginalized youth. Second, anyone interested in receiving more information about the Teen Van, visiting the program, or making a donation, can contact me by phone at (650) 694-0660 or by e-mail at seth.ammerman@stanford.edu.

Seth Ammerman
Clinical Associate Professor,
Division of Adolescent Medicine,
and Medical Director, Teen Van Program
Stanford, California

Noah’s Life

No doubt Nancy Meyer’s essay (“What Noah Teaches Us,” July/August) was
not intended to be controversial, but I write anyway. I have no idea what Meyer and her family went through, and I am glad they were able to provide Noah
the care and love he needed. However, to conclude that Noah existed to “teach” them anything assumes an instrumental view of human suffering that worries me. Noah chose neither his suffering nor the lesson, and had he spoken his views
might have been very different from those of his grandmother.

Meyer missed her rabbi’s implicit warning when he told her that “to try to make sense of Noah’s death would be to trivialize it.” By trying to make sense of his life, Meyer [is] denying us not only empathy with the raw fact of his suffering, but also important questions about life, love, purpose and pain. Humans suffer, often needlessly, but to ascribe this suffering to a specific purpose is to claim knowledge of the unknowable. I suffer, too—mostly for no reason that I can discern—but it is not ennobling, not heroic, and certainly not to teach people “tolerance” or “unconditional love.”

This is not to deny the value of “unconditional love,” which is indeed a gift. But Noah was a human, a child, and cannot be a means to that end. I hope that this letter does not cause Meyer further grief, but I would encourage her to discard her views on Noah’s life and start over, and this time to be very wary of reaching
any conclusions too soon. We can learn from such lives, but those lessons are
incidental to the most important thing—the life itself.

Miles Townes, ’00
Orlando, Florida

Good Coaches

Although Brian Doyle (“Good Sports,” July/August) leaves out the parents/spectators, it is clear why, if my experience can be generalized. Having attended virtually every soccer, Little League and roller hockey game in which my grandson participated for the last three years in the South Bay and Coast [teams], I can vouchsafe that the behavior of the parents is exemplary. This has been manifested not only by congratulations for plays made by the opponents but by the lack of criticism of our own when the performance was disappointing. During tournament play we have seen signs along the soccer field defining acceptable spectator behavior, but, understandably, none for coach behavior.

When a coach responds to a player’s request to demonstrate his abilities
with “Don’t bother me now, I don’t have the time, and I’m the coach” and when a player makes a truly spectacular catch and is greeted with “That sure was
a lucky catch,” it is clear that [the coach] should be neither on the field nor in the stands. While we can’t do psychological testing on coaches, since we don’t on
parents, as a minimum the sports organization could do a better job keeping their ear on the ground for sentiments from those most closely allied with the coaches: the players and their parents.

Myron Gananian, ’51, MD ’59
Menlo Park, California

The following letters did not appear in the print edition of STANFORD.

Kids Today

Growing Concerns” (July/August) begins with a quote from my book The Rise and Fall of Childhood, which originated in lectures I gave in a course on the history of childhood at Stanford in 1970. A student who took the course 36 years ago spotted it and alerted me!

C. John Sommerville
Gainesville, Florida

The scope of your professors disappointed me—they are scientists, educators, lawyers. Missing are poets and philosophers, among whom I include creative writers. The attitude of the article is that science has most of the answers to childhood “malnourishment” [from lack of] the instilled humanity that distinguishes child from adult, me from we, sharing and caring from self-indulgence, and identity from lostness.

I write with two credentials. I was a child, and I now have the maturity of years for perspectives and years in the classroom as a student and teacher of middle and high school kids. My references [are] largely to boys.

Childhood play contains life’s lessons. They become “poisonous” when
adults instill into the child the fear to explore, experiment, try the impossible and, yes, be different. That transfer of fear is an adult invention of control and selfish protection of one’s progeny.

A boy wants almost desperately to learn ‘I am a man.’ Manhood is nurtured by risk-taking, responsibilities, self-identity—so very important [but] curbed by peer-conformity. He wants to feel that he can wield the sword, ride a horse without help, make a winning derby car, swim the Hellespont unaided. He will contrive dangerous enterprises. That is the way he is wired. Leave him alone. You gotta take the chance. A friend and I once rode our bikes around on a barn roof to see how close we could come to the edges. We shared the experience, and was it fun!

The feminization of male childrearing teaches selfish care, safety, withdrawal, [and that] receptivity is better than aggression, which he will need later in life. Give him Prozac. Change him into a little girl. Fools! He rebels with his own brand of violence. The father should lead in rearing his boy. If he has no father, he will invent or find a hero . . . maybe in a gang. Boxing was taught at UCLA before WWII. Gone. Too violent. We had boxing matches in our neighborhood, and tin-can street hockey with sticks. Have you seen the “destroyers” on TV lately? As in video games—destroyers without rules.

One professor prevaricated by suggesting moral absolutes are taught—or lest us say, understood—in the church by a minister. Ridiculous! Maiming an animal, maiming a human is immoral. Cheating on school tests is unethical. Those values of right and wrong are not variable. Some things—not just sexual misconduct—are fundamentally right and some are fundamentally wrong. Political correctness is the attempt to obscure the distinctions and agree with the herd mind.

A kid comes to school with a set of attitudes, learned from parents, television and peers in the neighborhood. He either wants to learn, or he doesn’t give a damn—it’s all irrelevant and boring to him. A child comes to school a wired pragmatist. His experiences are empirical. If it works, okay; if not, forget it. It sucks.

He is not learning-oriented if Dad reads Playboy or comes home when he is in bed or he watches television 40 hours a week, and Mom has her “meetings” and the only book in the house is the phone book. What inspiration is there for him? He will defy the teacher to teach him, and if he learns little, let the politicians throw more money at the teacher. That scenario is stupidity in the round!

A kid joins a gang to gain an identity. He misbehaves in class to create a reputation, a conscious process. He can strive to gain a reputation as a good speller, a good athlete, a smooth guy with the chicks, a tough nut (don’t mess with me) or—some passions are borne all though school in secret—to write, to succeed in law like Dad, to become a brain surgeon starting with the family cat. Nurture those secret desires. That’s good parenting.

Above all, be good role models. If you read racy mags, don’t expect your boy to find joy in Greek mythology. That home environment is a major cause of
“drifting.”

Kids are selfish by nature, sharers by experience. Kids are experimental and often will explore naturally. (Sex and drugs are unnatural venues.) I am for more and more field trips. Visit a press room, an operating amphitheatre, a legislature in session, a candy manufacturer, a bottling plant, an auto plant, a Buddhist temple. Take them to see a play. Integrate them with outer society. They yearn for that inclusion and they resent exclusion. Show them they count, they have value and the payoff to sharing is ultimate achievement. For as the kid takes true risks and relishes achievement, boredom will dissipate. He will find exploration exciting.

Charles E. Miller, ’47
Tujunga, California

School reform

Your introduction to the debate about the state of U.S. public schools referred to the perspective of two experts, but only one was evident to me (“Put to the Test,” July/August). Terry Moe devoted all of his statement to a tirade against public school teachers and their unions. Whatever their faults, I can’t believe the teachers are that inept and uncaring. Moe offered no evidence to convince me otherwise. Both writers note the political dimensions, but Moe seemed almost paranoid about conspiracies.

The public school question has been a difficult one for me, but Gerald Bracey’s arguments, and an article by Charles Murray in the Wall Street Journal of July 25, 2006, helped convince me that the No Child Left Behind Act was a mistake and its implementation is counterproductive. The schools are only partly to blame for our education problems.

Allan D. Halderman, ’67
Portland, Oregon

I am starting to understand why public education in the United States is in such a tailspin. Here are two highly esteemed experts on the subject, who have put together eloquent essays, but which lack any tangible solutions to the problems. Moe’s solutions are quite theoretical, and Bracey seems to believe things are actually acceptable.

Management education in the United States is undergoing a transformation as individuals from the private sector are making much more of an impact than are the theorists who have typically educated Corporate America. Maybe K-12 education also needs such an influx of nonacademics to cut through the unacceptable status quo and get some realistic proposals on the table to move forward. As for the two experts from the field who lack the ability to look the problem in the face and propose practical solutions—Grade: F!

Scott Saslow
Palo Alto, California

I loved the article. It was wonderful how both perspectives were placed side by side. Terry Moe’s article appeared to simply reiterate John Stossel’s poorly researched television documentary on education. And as much as I would like to agree with Moe’s contention that paying teachers according to test scores would better education, I have to disagree. My daughter’s English teacher graduated from Princeton and could have had a multitude of jobs but chose instead to work at an inner-city high school. A business associate of my husband’s was lamenting that he spent a bundle on a Stanford education only to have his daughter become a teacher. It is obvious that these people are not drawn to the profession by money—they want to change the world and they understand that teaching isn’t a “job,” it is a vocation. If pay were solely attached to scores, what teacher would want to teach at a lower socioeconomic level inner-city school with a large population of immigrants? Statistics have proven that the odds are against achievement under these conditions so why would one want to commit career suicide?

Gerald Bracey, on the other hand, gave a refreshing, statistically based, data-supported argument that tells just how competitive the American education system really is. My daughter visited the schools in China to find out that not all children are given the opportunity to learn how to read and write. My friend went to Japan to study their education system. When she asked, “What happens to the children who don’t learn how to read?” The reply was, “We don’t have any [special education programs]. Those children are retarded.” One can imagine how shockingly politically incorrect those words would be if uttered in the American school system.

Japan’s intention in importing American teachers is to understand how to become more innovative. We, on the other hand, want to become better at taking tests. The American education system is beautiful due to the American ideal that all men are created equal and therefore all should be given an opportunity to learn regardless of their limitations, socioeconomic conditions or country of origin. We must consider all aspects of the problem and take pride in what we do well. Isn’t imitation the sincerest form of flattery? If we want to improve education, we all have to take part in educating our young and taking ownership and action in what we can do to enhance our children’s lives.

Again, thank you for a rare nonbiased article that showed perpendicular rather than parallel perspectives on education.

Maria Dong
Glendale, Arizona

The Singaporean father who sent his son to a private, American-style school answered the question posed by Gerald Bracey’s column, “Believing the Worst.”

Public schools force children into cookie-cutter curriculums designed around political expediency rather than relevance or effectiveness. Ask any 12th grader how many dozen times they “learned” about U.S. history through dozens of shallow and irrelevant survey classes.

The constant pressure on students to go to college marginalizes students with other plans as well. I can recall a classmate (who currently owns a successful auto body business) being looked down upon because he had no interest in attending college.

Pressure and snobbery fall upon teachers as well. Great teachers who inspire their students often find themselves at odds with their peers or with administrators who are more interested in standardization than education.

For education in America to be successful, it needs to reflect the freedom and openness that has made America a great place. Race and income have nothing to with creativity—give kids a safe environment to create in and let them grow. Take the institutionalism out of the schools and you’ll erase the stigma of failure.

Bernard Duffy
Albany, New York

I would modify Gerald Bracey’s characterization of American attitudes towards education from “The Neurotic Need to Believe the Worst,” to “The Neurotic Need to Expect the Best.” Americans want their children to be the best and brightest, but the United States is polarized between those who oversimplify the challenges to quality education in public schools and those who depict the challenges as insurmountable. Serious, lasting educational reform in our country depends on finding the systems that consistently help students reach high levels of achievement and replicating them throughout the country.

Masud S. Shamsid-Deen, ’01
Dallas, Texas

Good Coaches

STANFORD was delivered by mistake to my house (20th Street instead of 19th Street), and I could not have been happier. To a Creighton University ’87 alum who grew up in Iowa and Nebraska but has lived in the Bay Area since ’91 and has a soft spot for the Farm, much of [the July/August] magazine was a wealth of pleasurable reading. (I will make sure the addressee gets his magazine, but thank you, USPS, for letting me see such a great magazine.)

An Iowan, Bob Bowlsby, will be missed by my Hawkeyes, but you all are very fortunate to have him (“Stanford Welcomes New AD,” Farm Report).

The article on John McPhee (“Good Sports”) brought back the fondest memories of my deceased father. My dad, a high school dropout, raised five kids in Iowa. We all played in multiple sports, he coached countless teams and kids for years. In line in with what Mr. McPhee espouses, my dad said, “everybody plays, everybody wins.” Those words I will always live by. Thank you, Mr. McPhee, for carrying on what I thought was a lost way of living.

My best to all of you on the Farm and I’ll see you soon again for more women’s volleyball matches (please play Nebraska), more men’s soccer matches (Bret Simon left my Bluejays to coach your Cardinal) and for any number of women’s basketball and other sporting events (as well as academic talks by the likes of Cornell West).

Mark J. Murphy
San Francisco, California


Brian Doyle’s writing was great, and I was intrigued by McPhee’s background and his five points for good coaches to keep in mind. In fact, I plan to write a column on the importance of youth sports for all kids. I write a regular column, “Heaven Help Us,” for two local newspapers and have a new book just released, Loving Firmness: Successfully Raising Teenagers Without Losing Your Mind.

Corrie Lynne Player, ’64, MA ’65
Cedar City, Utah

Labors of Love

Thank you so much for “All My Children,” by Christine Foster (July/August), distinguishing the everyday commitment that Barbara Shipley, ’70, has made to the children of her community. So many Stanford graduates are featured in public media for their magnificent, significant or far-reaching accomplishments that I suspect sometimes the rest of us who graduated with them wonder about our ordinariness.

Having come to Idaho in the ’70s to provide subspecialty medical care (pediatric oncology) in a previously underserved area, I would not have been able to practice had it not been for a few very dedicated childcare providers who were certainly educated and talented enough to do other things, but instead remained true to their own personal passion: being there for the children and genuinely caring. Several of them were with us at the wedding of our daughter, Sarah, ’98, and continue their relationship with our family long after our children have grown up.

From another perspective, working day after day in the clinic and hospital, achieving no measurable accomplishment yet living in the deep satisfaction of my true calling, and then downshifting after 20 years of medical practice to a small private counseling service which is equally, indescribably gratifying, I celebrate the ordinary. For all of us who follow our true path, as best we can know it, and end up doing nothing of particular consequence despite our advanced degrees, this article was sweet acknowledgement. Thank you..

Bonita “Bonnie” Klahn Vestal, ’67
Boise, Idaho

Ill Wind

Flipping through the July/August issue, I noticed a picture regarding a recent protest of more than 1,000 people who blocked access routes to the Hoover Institution and caused President George W. Bush to change his campus itinerary and meet the honorable members of the Hoover Institution elsewhere (“Presidential Protest,” Farm Report). Is it no longer true that people are entitled to have a variety of views—social, political, theological and philosophical—on the Stanford campus?

When did Stanford students stop applying the motto “The Wind of Freedom Blows” to others? Has the Fundamental Standard, established in 1896, been revoked? President John Hennessy cited something from that Standard in describing the secret of the success of Stanford in the arena of sports when he introduced the new athletic director, Bob Bowlsby.

Are Stanford students no longer expected to adhere to that Standard and show a respect for order, morality, personal honor and the rights of others as demanded of good citizens? Or does it just apply to student-athletes? Am I missing something here or am I simply having a “senior moment?”

Harlan L. Limmer, ’60
Greenfield, Wisconsin

Annamaria Napolitano

I missed the original article about Italian senior lecturer Annamaria Napolitano’s death, and so I was grateful to read Alexander Urciuoli’s beautiful letter remembering her (“Finding Italy,” July/August).

During my four years at Stanford, I took at least one Italian class every quarter (except when I took two quarters off to go to an art school in Florence). My classes with Annamaria were definitely some of my favorites, and like Urciuoli, I have many wonderful memories of her. Most of all, I recall her feisty spirit, which was mirrored by her amazing wardrobe—leopard-print miniskirts, golden slinky tops, high-heeled shoes, and bleached-blond hair. A wonderful image to behold! I particularly recall her, in such an outfit, teaching us to pronounce the exclamation “super!” with proper Italian pronunciation— “zoo-pear!”

One of the things that I hold most dear from my time at Stanford is that I arrived with a desire to learn Italian, and I left four years later as a nearly fluent speaker. It has been a few years, but I can still hold a friendly and functional conversation; Annamaria is one of the teachers to whom I am most grateful for that. She really was super.

Amey Mathews, ’95
Santa Cruz, California

I am writing in response to the sad passing of a wonderful person, Annamaria De Nicolais Napolitano. I hope that everyone in the Stanford community realizes how passionate she was about her profession and how devoted she was to her students.

During my undergraduate experience at Stanford, I was fortunate to be under her tutelage for Italian language and for a sophomore seminar. Upon applying to study abroad through Stanford’s Florence program, I was initially placed about 18th (and last) on the wait list, the first time ever that this program even had a wait list. Realizing the small chance that I had of moving up, I applied to two universities with distinguished study-abroad programs: NYU and Syracuse University. I asked Ms. Napolitano if she could write two letters of recommendation, and without hesitation but with much enthusiasm, she agreed.

Soon after, I received acceptance letters from both programs. However, the cost of one semester at each school was far greater than the cost of one quarter at Stanford. Unfortunately, I was unable to afford the tuition because most of my tuition at the Farm was covered by financial aid. Upon notifying both universities of my sorrowful [decision to] decline their invitations, one of the schools told me that they would call me back in a couple of days.
I cannot fathom what Ms. Napolitano must have said in her letters about me, [but] a top administrator from that school gave me a call two days later and offered me a very sizeable grant. To this day, I remember the act of kindness Ms. Napolitano did for me. I learned that she cared about every student who passed through her doors, and my stay at Stanford was filled with many pleasant memories

Michael Valente, ’00
San Francisco, California

Keeping the Faith

As a Stanford alumnus always proud of our motto “Die Luft der Freiheit weht,” I was appalled by the lugubrious tone of the recent article on religious beliefs and strategies at the Farm (“Soul Support,” May/June). While all ideas are obviously welcome at a university and open for candid discussion, this does not mean that all idiosyncrasies must be forced to share equal status with well-ingrained values [that] have existed for thousands of years.

The writer of this egregious leveling would apparently equate the Bible, the Torah and the Koran with the adolescent assertions of something termed “queer spirituality.” Placing all assertions of human conduct on the same level as established cultural norms inflicts an insidious diminution of any comparative thought or profound scholarship. The article in question was by no means an objective comparison, but merely a mantra of the forced equality of the ridiculous with the profound.

These exhibitions of undergraduate fads constitute an affront to the social order because they do not fairly challenge established norms in fair public debate, but naively insist upon instant acceptance and indeed even financial stipends for their unsophisticated relativity. Let them espouse their “causes” in a public forum as is routinely done at Oxford University, rather than hiding behind the skirts of benevolent deans rewarding them with financial “scholarships” for crass, obnoxious and academically empty fads.

Perhaps these militant, self-conscious individuals should peruse Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, and at least be apprised of the ultimate dangers of total relativism. Nietzsche obviously learned that lesson too late. Law without liberty is totalitarian, but liberty without law is anarchistic. Law in turn depends upon the efficacy of social values. We are apparently morphing into a society devoid of values, and this journalistic variety of relativistic extremism in morality and ethics seems a tentative further step into moral chaos, and not a legitimate investigation to be countenanced by a great university.

Kurt von S. Kynell, ’52, MA ’53
Marquette, Michigan

Thank you for the excellent treatment on the growing spiritual search that characterizes many Stanford students and their peers around the country. As a former member of the Stanford Baha’i Association and current volunteer member of the University Religious Council at UC-Santa Cruz, I have watched with concern as our strongly secular system of higher education has given little room for students to ground and guide their career and life choices with the ethical and moral structure that will give those choices meaning and purpose throughout the changes and challenges of life after Stanford. The new multifaith center planned to open next year will go a long way towards bridging that gap between mind and spirit.

While comprehensive, the article did not mention the historic ties between Stanford and the local and international Baha’i community. On October 8, 1912, at the invitation of Stanford President David Starr Jordan, Abdu’l Baha, the son of Baha’u’llah, prophet-founder of the Baha’i faith, delivered a stirring talk in Memorial Church on the role of the university in world peace. In that talk he stated:

“Fifty years ago Baha’u’llah declared the necessity of peace among the nations and the reality of reconciliation between the religions of the world. He announced that the fundamental basis of all religion is one, that the essence of religion is human fellowship and that the differences in belief that exist are due to dogmatic interpretation and blind imitations which are at variance with the foundations established by the Prophets of God. He proclaimed that if the reality underlying religious teaching be investigated all religions would be unified, and the purpose of God, which is love and the blending of human hearts, would be accomplished.”

With that challenging statement as its guide, the Stanford Baha’i Association continues today to reach out to students of all backgrounds and beliefs to promote understanding and a vigorous sharing of views on the role of religion in our rapidly changing world. The Baha’i Association has been for years a leader in the interfaith dialogue movement and is a ready partner to any student group or individual who would like to have genuine exchanges on the relationship of spiritual principle to academic life. I am sure that your article will give a much-needed impetus to that dialogue.

Robert T. Phillips, MA ’68
Tumacacori, Arizona

The more things change, the more things stay the same. At first glance, your May/June cover conjures up images of a vast movement toward spirituality on the Stanford campus. An examination of the vignettes, however, makes it clear a personal relationship with a Supreme Other is still an isolated and singular experience.
Fifty years ago, Dr. Smith, who taught my course in aesthetics, led a weekend event with the enticing title “Religion in the Student Community.” A bare handful of students in the community signed up. During the day, as we attempted to discover some commonality among our motley crew, we didn’t broach the subject, but that night, around a pleasant fire, Dr. Smith asked if we believed in an afterlife and if so, how we envisioned it.

After a long silence, realizing that someone had to begin, I naively blathered out my belief. My sharing was followed by an even more profound silence, broken only by the crackling of the wood as the fire burned. Finally, out of the darkness came the cry, “God . . . if only I believed that!”

It was my first awareness that faith is not a given but a Gift!

Laurie Hale Feeney, ’56
Washington, D.C.

Things have improved; I remember attending a dorm Bible study in 1978 and having others counsel me about hanging out with those losers. I wonder now if those dorm mates were prescient. Since graduation my trajectory has lowered.
I traded achievement for transcendence. I have given up on greatness and now strive merely to be good.

Stanford is a secular institution. It celebrates the achievements of human potential and the triumphs of rational thought. It is a place for rigorous argument and standards of evidence. The Bible says, “Faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen.” Now that’s fuzzy logic.

Keep up the good work!

Molly Durfee Hackett, ’81
Kent, Washington

Thank you for the article; maybe it will contribute to more enlightenment among all peoples on campus. It seemed balanced to me. I guess religious students sometimes feeling a bit out of place among peers is nothing new, but it’s too bad among such a diverse population and so many smart people. I hope it’s a small thing no different from what can be felt at some organizations where we work.

I may have read it wrong, but it seemed like the new religious center is off base. Why make the decor so generic that people have to bring in their own symbols and décor? Rather than argue about whose religion is the truest, we should foster education and mingling. Have a few symbols of the major religions always on display with a brief explanation of what they stand for. This could be a reminder that religious wars should have no basis in their beliefs.

Bob Ingols, MS ’78
Tahoe City, California

We have one daughter who graduated from Stanford and another who currently attends Colorado College. This past spring we received issues of the Stanford and CC magazines, both of which had articles about faith/spirituality on campus. Quite a coincidence.

Both articles covered a broad spectrum of religious beliefs on campus and both put forth the message that there was room for all beliefs on their campus. What struck us, as a family, about both pieces, however, was that [neither] gave any coverage whatsoever to students who may be atheists. It was as if there were none on either campus.

This created the implicit message that while diversity of religious beliefs was a good thing, one had to have some religious/spiritual life. It seemed unacceptable—or at least not discussable—to have no such belief.

It has been posited that atheism is considered close to treason in some American quarters. I would suggest that one of the bridges to be built is between those of religious belief and those who are atheists or secularists, especially since a significant percentage of students and faculty on both campuses probably are in that second group.

Simply including interviews with students who are atheists in each publication would have carried the message that theirs is a view to be respected, too.

Karen Bradley
New York, New York

Frisbee Fan

I enjoyed reading Karen Telleen-Lawton’s article about the Ultimate team invading her home (“The Ultimate Sleepover,” End Note, May/June). I have fond memories of playing Ultimate at Stanford between 1989 and 1993. At that time, the women's team was fledgling, and I remember going to one of those Santa Barbara tournaments not with 30 players, but with eight. (And with seven people playing at a time, that meant a lot of running and very little rest!) By the end of the season, I had to be strong-armed into being the captain in my sophomore year, because if I didn’t, no one else would, and the team might not exist. I remember plastering fliers around campus with my co-captain during Freshman Orientation the next fall, desperately hoping at least a few people would come join us for some fun at Roble Field. Today, the women’s Ultimate team has an incredible history of national championships and nationally recognized players. I feel very proud that I am part of that legacy. (And I still have a mean forehand!) Long live Stanford women’s Ultimate!

Diane Barram Westgate, ’93
Mountain View, California

Policy Changes

As a Stanford PhD who had her first baby during graduate school, I am thrilled that Stanford is taking the lead in accommodating women who wish to do the same (“For Grad Students, A Childbirth Policy,” Farm Report, March/April). I was able to manage motherhood and academics because of good timing (my daughter was born at the beginning of the summer, after I’d finished most of my coursework and before the full press of my dissertation research) and because of the easy availability of on-campus childcare with Escondido Village mothers. I have always felt lucky to have started my family when I did, especially as, over the years, I have seen a steady parade of friends grapple with infertility after delaying childbirth until after their professional training and their first years in the workforce. There’s never a convenient time to have a baby, but, all things being equal, the sooner the better!

Society as a whole will benefit from policies, such as yours, that support childbearing by intelligent, educated women and their partners.

Judy Hochberg, MA ’85, PhD ’86
Scarsdale, New York

I must thank you for printing the letter from Eugenia Nomikos in your July/August issue, and by way of your office, I thank Ms. Nomikos for sharing her experience (“Maternity Policy”). From time to time, I am struck by instances of breathtakingly stupid discriminatory strictures of the past that, on the one hand, reassure me today of how far we have progressed and, on the other hand, rile me up about just how far we have yet to go. I can fully understand Ms. Nomikos’s continuing resentment of her treatment.

I am a proudly open gay male living with my partner of 11 years in Colorado Springs, Colo. This is my home, and I will not be driven from this city by the forces of the intolerant who seek to marginalize and demoralize my partner, our friends and me; nor will I be silenced. But my spirits certainly flag in the face of the constant and sometimes overwhelming pressure. I take pride in saying, “Tolerant views may never predominate here, but such views will never be unspoken.”

Hearing personal stories in the history of unjustifiable discrimination is heartening. Many thanks; you have made it easier to face this fall’s local elections!

John Birkhead, MA ’86, PhD ’94
Colorado Springs, Colorado

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CORRECTION

The obituary of Randall Fawcett, ’44 (July/August), listed his sister Virginia Bates, ’40, as a survivor. She died in 1977.

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